Thyroid Diseases
Thyroid Nodules
A thyroid nodule is a lump within the gland, and a very common finding. Most are benign; what matters is deciding correctly which to watch and which to biopsy.
Symptoms and diagnosis
Early thyroid cancer usually causes no symptoms at all. As it grows, it may produce a lump you can feel in the neck, a change in voice, difficulty swallowing or enlarged lymph nodes. None of these means cancer by itself, but each deserves an examination.
Diagnosis centres on thyroid ultrasound. It is painless, involves no radiation and usually takes under half an hour. The nodule's size, shape and internal structure guide the risk assessment, and suspicious nodules are sampled with a fine-needle biopsy under ultrasound guidance. Most patients compare it to a blood draw.
Treatment options
Treatment depends on the type and stage of the cancer, your general health and your preferences. For most patients surgery is the first step: sometimes the whole gland is removed (thyroidectomy), and in some very small cancers only one lobe. Where needed, the neck lymph nodes are assessed in the same operation.
If the whole gland is removed, thyroid hormone is replaced with daily medication, checked with blood tests every few months at first and then yearly. Some patients also receive radioactive iodine after surgery to clear any remaining tissue. Which of these steps applies to you is explained at the visit, in plain language.
Read the full Thyroid Diseases guide
Frequently asked questions
The great majority of nodules are benign. Risk is judged from the ultrasound appearance and, if needed, the biopsy result. You will be told plainly which category yours falls into.
Yes. It uses no radiation, is painless and takes little time. It is safe even in pregnancy.
Medically reviewed by Prof. Dr. Ayşenur Meriç Hafız, Professor of ENT and Head & Neck Surgery — August 2026 · About
Outcomes of surgical and medical procedures vary from person to person; please consult your physician for an assessment specific to you.
We are here for your questions
The practice is at Selenium Plaza in Beşiktaş. Message us on WhatsApp or call to arrange a visit. English-speaking patients are welcome.